General genetics

To knead these problems using antithetic orders:\nHybridological analysis mode was developed by Mendel . This regularity allows to bump patterns of hereditary pattern of undivided distinctions in inner reproduction of organisms. Its shopping center lies in the pastime: analysis of the inheritance is held by individualistic option railway yard; traced the transmission of these distinctions in a human body of agentrations ; conducted detailed numerical account of the inheritance of each alternative and the oddball trace of each crossbred offspring separately.\n cytogenetical technique allows us to take up the karyotype of cells and nominate genomic and chromosomal mutations .\n genealogic method involves perusal the pedigrees of animals and humans , and allows you to come in the type of inheritance of a trait , zygosity organisms and the likelihood of ratify to future generations. This method is widely utilize in the option and operation of medical exam and genetic counseling.\n counterpart method is establish on the workplace of manifestations in homogeneous and fraternal fit . It allows you to identify the reference of genetic endowment and purlieu in determine the specific traits .\nbio chemical methods are found on the study of the activity of enzymes and chemical composition of cells which is compulsive by heredity . Using these methods brush aside identify gene mutations and heterozygous carriers of recessive allele genes .\nPopulation- statistical method to calculate the absolute frequency of occurrence of genes and genotypes in the population .\n disruption Mendel laws of inheritance. Celebrate the crack of quantitative laws attach to the framingation of hybrids , belongs to the Czech botanist amateurish Johann Gregor Mendel . In his works, which were carried out(p) in the extremity from 1856 to 1863 . , He exposed the foundations of the laws of heredity.\nFirst his worry was drawn to the endurance of an object . For his enquiry , Mendel chose peas. The basis for this plectron was , commencement exercisely, that the peas - a unmitigated self-pollinated , and it dramatically reduces the possibility of unwanted pollen drift , and secondly, firearm there was a sufficient shape of pea varieties differing in several genetic traits.\nMendel obtained from different farms 34 varieties of peas . After two of the annual analyse , if they retain their character unchanged at reproduction without unification , he selected for experiments 22 varieties .\nMendel began with experiments on crossbreeding pea varieties differing in one trait ( monohybrid crossing ) . In all the experiments with 7 pairs of varieties was confirmed phenomenon of strength in the first generation hybrids , and discover Sazhre Nodenom . Mendel introduced the concept of paramount and recessive traits. then(prenominal) Mendel was the first to limit the frequency of port of the recessive form of the total num eral of offspring in crosses.