Requirement Model For Student Monitoring Systems

Requirement Model For Student Monitoring SystemsThe focus of this study is to get a expert fate model for Student attending Monitoring Systems (SAMS) in secondary instruct. It is aimed at governance occasion who want to know how to design an streamlined SAMS. At the end of this study, a SAMS icon tout ensembleow for be designed based on the requirement model and also analyze user acceptance of this carcass.A generation ago, either in principle or in practice, attention was not optional. Today, often in principle and or so in practice, it is optional (Romer, 1993). agree to Lim, Sim and Mansor (2009), most educational institutions administrators atomic number 18 concerned round school-age child irregular attending. Shendell et al. (2004) defines it end affect student in overall academic performance. Romer (1993) found that attendance did contribute significantly to the academic performance of students. There are a slightly stronger relationship amid attendance and performance. Also, Durden Ellis (1995) conclude that attendance does matter for academic achievement. Thus, it fakes student attendance mandatory in instills (Romer, 1993), (Woltz, 1955).Yet, almost everyone noticed that attendance in schools is far from perfect (Romer, 1993). There kick in a lack of school attendance data and a lack of consistency in the definition and measurement of non-attendance (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). Large schools are to a greater extent likely to have problems with student attendance than small ones (Epstein Sheldon, 2002). Everyday, school staffs spends much time to encompass students attendance. There are galore(postnominal) problems when recording data manually (Ric vexed, 2005). Sometimes, the attendances record books were missing. In real situation, it is hard for school staffs to search students record by looking at attendances record books one by one. direct staffs usually spend much time to find the students record especially when there are more classes in the school.Furthermore, parents whitethorn miss to get some(prenominal) information or letter from schools when their children didnt attend to school. According to Epstein Sheldon (2002), high school staffs communications with parents ab egress attendance can appendd student attendance and reduced inveterate absenteeism.Hence, by creating school attendance musical arrangement is one of the best solutions to address this problem. The frame should help school staffs to take attendance for student especially in secondary schools. It must make the passage of taking the attendance easier, faster and secure as compared to conventional method. The conventional method of taking attendance by calling names or signing on paper is very time consuming, inefficient, and precarious (Ervasti, Isomursu, Kinnula, 2009), (Lim, Sim Mansor, 2009). It is a one way that helps teachers or school staffs reducing the taken time to carry out routine processes and enable them c onnected with parents by sending real-time information on their childrens attendance instantly if students are not-attended to school more than the limit. Thus, teacher have more time for teaching. (Ervasti, Isomursu, Kinnula, 2009).Problem StatementIn schools, attendance is fundamental and mandatory. Nowadays, due to enlarge of information technology environment, it is efficient to use teach Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS) to manage attendance in secondary schools. In recent years, transcription designers have expands many ways and characteristics in design a good brass. The problem of this study is to identify important characteristics to design a good SAMS, set up a requirement model, and build a prototype for testing user acceptance. The requirement model must meet the user needs, goals and constraints in order to mend the important feature, relations and design implications. The requirement must be specify understandably about what and how the SAMS should perform.Obj ectivesTo become a SAMSs requirement model for secondary school.To design and build a prototype of SAMS.To help another(prenominal) system bring outer in spite of appearance related subject.ScopeThe study will be conducted within the Kampar dominion, Perak. All schools chosen for survey will be secondary schools only. Similarly, there are nine secondary schools in Kampar district (sample size). People who manage secondary school organizations are the only respondents of the study. The population is between 15 to 25 or more school staffs. The particular focus areas of the study would include attendance system which is already used in secondary schools.LITERATURE REVIEWAccording to Epstein Sheldon (2002), reducing the rates of student chronic absenteeism has been and continues to be a goal of many schools and school systems. In 1999, a student tracking system involving a database is being trialed in government and non-government schools Western Australia (Bourke, Rigby Burden , 2000). The student tracking system involved a set of processes, procedures and systems which can identify and monitor the location of students.In the Torres Strait schools, they used a system called Student info Management System (SIMS). The SIMS provides a good quality data regarding student attendance. This computer-based system collates individual class attendance records on a weekly basis (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000).The relationship between staffs and parents was seen as vitally important by parents and principals. The student survey results indicated that attendance levels were significantly higher among students when teachers got in fleck with their parents to talk about how they were going at school (Bourke, Rigby Burden, 2000). Therefore, in schools where students have attendance problems, school staffs may need to go beyond the school building to involve parents in reducing absenteeism (Epstein Sheldon, 2002). Hence, student attendance monitoring system should help school staffs and parents easy to communicate.There are varieties of opportunities for implementing IT in management education. engineering science can be used to facilitate the display of information, to increase access to external explicit information, and to increase the sharing and construction of knowledge (Leidner Jarvenpaa, 1995) but some of the use of this technology is not yet widespread, efficient and practical for implementation of data management (Wayman, et. al., 2004).Implementation of an application system can present many unforeseen challenges. The get-go step toward implementing a student data analysis system should be to well assess the data, needs, and resources available to a school or district. The successful implementation is important for the long-term study of a data based decision-making climate (Wayman, et. al, 2004).Fig. 1 shows the model for integrated functional requirement which has been explained by Malet et al. (2007)Figure 1 Model for Integrated Functional RequirementIn Fig. 1, functions can be joined with ad hoc processes. The technical realization of functions takes place in these processes. Functions can also be related to specific positions in the ware structure. As a result of linking the requirements with functions, functions to processes and the intersection point structure, an indirect relation between requirements, processes and the product structure has been established (Malet et al., 2007).There are many views of softwares training or study process though that has evolved over the years. What follows is a brief discussion of the theories of the software development process that recently used today. The initiative formal description of the software development process model is published in 1970 by Winston W. Royce. below is one of the software development processs modelFigure 2 Conceptual model of software development processAccording to Royce (1970), firstly, developer must analyze user requirements. Afte r that, make requirement specifications by clearly set out necessary features of system based on user requirement. Then, developer can design a suitable solution and do implementation by develop the proposed solution. In addition, developer must test the system to ensure that the solution solves the original problem and works in context. Lastly, developer must maintain the system.METHODOLOGYFig. 3 shows the requirement modeling process which has been explained by Malet et al. (2007)Figure 3 Requirement modeling processThe first step is elicitation of requirements. The requirements will be based on collected data. The sites are the secondary school managing departments. The sampling frame will be based on the list of the secondary schools within area of Kampar district, Perak. The sample size will be nine secondary schools. The population is between 15 to 25 or more employees including principal, clerks, and teachers. The method of data collection is by questionnaire and interview. A ccording to Creswell (1994), measurement instrument can helps in get a quantifiable data. A questionnaire will be given to each employee within the sampling to get employees personal details, personal experiences of using any school attendance system, problem with alive attendance system and an opinion or suggestion for the future systems developer. The purpose of the study and how to answer the questionnaire will be explained to the employees under study. During interview session, the informants will be selected individuals within the sample employees who had an experience of using any school attendance system.The second step is analyzing the requirements. All user requirements will be investigated. The data will be analyzed and displayed using SPSS 16.00. The percentage, the mean and statistic formula (ANOVA) will be used when describing the data. It will be interpreted and translated into a form that suitable for other developer (sequence diagram, activity diagram, class diagram and so on). A requirement specifications model will be defined by clearly set out necessary features of SAMS.The 3rd step is managing the requirements. In this step, a prototype of SAMS will be design and built based on user requirement model by using several types of tool such as Dreamweaver CS4, Photoshop CS4 and etc. The programming language that will be used for building the system is PHP. During this system development lifecycle, requirements magnate be change and evolve. These changes need to be tracked and traced (Malet et al., 2007).Lastly, the fulfillment of requirements needs to be validated with practical(prenominal) or physical tests. A product is deemed successful (by means of satisfying the customer) if all requirements are fulfill (Malet et al.,2007). SAMS will be tested to ensure that the solution solves the original problem and integrate the system to make sure that the solution will working in circumstance. The user acceptance testing will be done by choosin g user randomly within the sample.Requirements modeling takes place in all phases of product development. More emphasis needs to be put on later development phases such as usage, recycling and maintenance. The knowledge gained in these phases, once included in the development process, can accelerate the development of new products (Malet et al.,2007).EXPECTED FINDINGSAt the end of this study, the requirement model can help any system designers to design good SAMS for secondary schools. They will know how to design useful, usable and desirable SAMS such as in the system should contain the right functions, secure and must be user friendly. SAMS should contain all these basic needs of attendance system.Below shows the flow of Students Attendance Monitoring Systems (SAMS)1Recordattendance2Checkattendance3Processdata4Savedata5SendemailFigure 4 The flow of Students Attendance Monitoring Systems (SAMS).SAMS should helps school staffs records students attendance, checks either student is pr esent or absent, process the attendance data, save it and send an email to the parents if student was absent more than three days.SIGNIFICANCEThe aimed of requirement model for Student Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS) is to help system designer in designing a good attendance system and also conduct them to develop the attendance system in the future. Attendance system are important because can gives many get ahead to schools such as security on attendance, reduce work time on taking attendance and create connection between school staffs and parents.CONCLUSIONThere is no comprehensive and generally recognised manual on how to design good human factors into computer systems (Shackel, 1984) but there are a lot of guideline on how to design a system. However, this requirement model can guide any system designers who want straightly focus to design Student Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS). Creativity and knowledgeability are required to make a great SAMS. The system should be usa ble. Usability consists of many pieces such as system performance, system functions, user interfaces organization and so on.REFERRENCESBourke, C. J., Rigby, K., Burden J. (2000). Better Practice in naturalise Attendance modify the SchoolAttendance of Indigenous Students. Commonwealth of Australia. 1-62.Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. gigabyte Oaks,California Sage.Durden, G. C. Ellis, L. V. (1995). The Effects of Attendance on Student Learning in Principles ofEconomics, The American Economic Review, cover and Proceedings of the Hundredth and Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Economic association Washington, 85(2), 343-346.Epstein, J. L., Sheldon, S. B. (2002). Present and Accounted for Improving Student Attendance ThroughFamily and Community Involvement. Educational Research and Improvement. 95(5). 308-318.Ervasti, M., Isomursu, M., Kinnula, M. (2009). Bringing Technology into School NFC-enabled SchoolAttendance Supervis ion. ACM 978-1-60558-846-9 09Leidner, D. E. Jarvenpaa S. L. (1995). The Use of Information Technology to Enhance ManagementSchool Education A divinatory View. MIS Quarterly Special Issue on IS Curricula andPedagogy, 19(3), 265-291.Lim, T. S., Sim, S. C. Mansor, M. M. (2009). RFID Based Attendance System, Symposium on IndustrialElectronics and Applications (ISIEA 2009), 2, 778-782.Maletz, M., Blouin, J. G., Schnedl, H., Brisson, D., Zamazal, K. (2007). A holistic Approach forIntegrated Requirements Modeling in the Product ontogenesis Process. The Virtual Vehicle-Research Center, Graz, Austria. 1-10.Richard, L. (2005). Handling Qualitative entropy A Practical Guide. Thousand Oaks, California Sage.Romer, D. (1993). Do Students Go to Class? Should They?. Journal of Economics Perspectives, 7(3), 167-174.Royce, W. W. (1970). Managing the Development of Large Software Systems. Proceedings IEEE WESCON. 1-9.Shackel, B. (984). Information Technology A challenge to ergonomics and design. Behaviour andInformation Technology. 3. 263-275.Shendell, D. G., Prill, R., Fisk, W. J., Apte, M. G., Blake, D. Faulkner, D. (2004). Associationsbetween Classroom CO2 Concentrations and Student Attendance in Washington and Idaho. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL report LBNL-54413. Retrieved from http//www.escholarship.org/uc/item/88r0924rWayman, J. C., Stringfield, S., Yakimowski, M. (2004). Software Enabling School ImprovementThrough Analysis Of Student Data. Research on the Education of Students, 67.Woltz, C. K. (1955). Compulsary Attendance at School. Law and Comtemporary Problems. 20(1), 3-22.