Employee Management Plan

Running head EMPLOYEE PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT PLAN Employee Portfolio trouble Plan MGT/311 Organizational Development University of Phoenix Riordan Manufacturing has implemented a precaution computer programme that leave alone assess employees characteristics. By assessing their characteristics, the organization depart hold up how to put on their characteristics to make the organization much successful. The company has asked three employees to bed self-assessments almost hire out pleasure.The assessments will ultimately allow commission to bring on characteristics of the employees and determine how these characteristics will affect Riordan Manufacturing in the future. Self-assessments give an employee the opportunity to result a narrative description of their major accomplishments, commerce satisfaction, emotional exercise and how they make decisions related to their performance. In a self? assessment, the employee can identify their major contributions and how they a ccomplished or did not accomplish their performance expectations.After a thorough analysis of the self-assessments, additional recommendations will be presented to assist Riordan Manufacturing arrive at a better perspective on the management and motivation that these employees will need in order to succeed. The participants in the Riordan Manufacturing self-assessments were Catrina Toth, Kyle Rogers, and Paul Holliday. The following self-assessments were administered to the employees How comfortable Am I with My Job, Am I Engaged, How Are You Feeling even off Now, Whats My Affect Intensity, Whats My Emotional Intelligence Score, and Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker?Management will use these assessments to identify the areas in which they scored high and low and create a plan based on the areas that mostly need more lockment. Catrinas self-assessments evoke a telephone line satisfaction rating at an average. She is satisfied with her job but not really engaged, is a deliberate decision maker, and exhibits arbitrary emotions. Kyle has an above average rating in most areas he is really satisfied with his job and is engaged in his work, exhibits an average score on deliberate decision-making and demonstrates positive emotions.Paul demonstrates a high score in job satisfaction, is a deliberate decision maker and also exhibits positive emotions on his self-assessments. The efficiency of the company is directly affected when employees are satisfied with their job and position held. An employee with a high level of job satisfaction feels more positive about his or her job and will continue to be a productive member of the company. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is the general attitude one holds about a job, which can dramatically affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization (Robbins & Judge, 2011). Companies with satisfied employees tend to curb the levels of absenteeism and turnover rate. Employees with low levels of job satisfaction experi ence negative attitudes about their jobs, tend to have a high absenteeism rates, leave the organization, or engage in deviant behaviors that negatively affect the organization and other employees.The self-assessment results reveal that employees at Riordan Manufacturing exhibit positive behaviors influencing other employees in the workplace. Employee Engagement The employees mesh indicates their involvement and enthusiasm for their work (Robbins & Judge, 2011). All three of the self-assessed employees are extremely satisfied with their jobs, are committed to their responsibilities, and motivated. Dedicated employees commit more quantify to their work, are a positive influence on others, and perform at higher levels than expected.Self-Assessment Recommendations Management at Riordan Manufacturing recommends additional assessments to conclude what is their job satisfaction level. Understanding these factors would describe a positive feeling about a job. It is important to understa nd what provides positive feelings and low-level negative feelings. Also management recommends more job involvement because this would enhance the level of attitude toward the delegate tasks and duties.It is important to be involved because management can identify strengths and designate that company cares about the kind of work employees do. The recommendation of additional assessments will provide both the employees and managers with additional information on each spirit to implement better managerial techniques. Based on those results, managers will let management plans to encourage and mentor employee success. References Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14th ed. ). Upper blame River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

The Effects of Rap Music on Children

Xavier Miranda Professor John Mammen English 1301 23 June 2012 The Effects of box Music on Children There is no risk of infection of developing eyestrain from looking on the bright side of things. This retell fits perfectly with this expireic. Too more people look at the negativities in medicine, belt symphony to be specific. Rap music can engender ostracize effects on those who beware to it, but well(p) as easily and equ alto waste ones timehery have a positive and beneficial asidecome.Yes, many bumppers use vulgar derogative terms to describe women and may settle its listeners to break the law or things of the like but it can to a fault open our eyes, we can learn new things from it and it can influence us to be better people and do things, good things, with our lives. Now Rap isnt anything new its been around since about the 1970s and been influencing those who listen to it for about 40 years now (Rap). When people date the term rap music their initial thought will be thats injurious or thats demeaning to women which in a sense is true. For example the bird air Walk this way performed by Aerosmith and come off D.M. C. is about how a offspring high schooldays student is learn through his first sexual experience by a profligate cheerleader. In a better known song Make it come down by Fat Joe he says Owwwww mamis body is banging, man/ she got it, man/ she does it all She gets it popping with no hands And consequently theres the song almost everybody knows by Jay-Z. 99 problems, where he refers to women as bitches. Songs like these feature women livem like tools and expendable creatures, and may influence children that listen to this pillowcase of rap to treat women as such, but many of them were influenced as teenagers by gangster rap.Perhaps I should start using haggling like, niggers, hoes and slut-bitches since I would except be reflecting my societys music (Leary). But the best example, to make this point clear, is the music v ideo Every girlfriend by Young Money. In the video there are females dressed promiscuously throughout and the lyrist admits to wishing he could have sexual intercourse with every girl in the domain. There many other songs that contain this type of relate towards the female sex, which adds a more credible argument to those who dont like rap.Another point people may make against Rap music is the accompaniment that many Rappers Rap and live very violently. Eminem is at the top of my list when it comes to being violent. Theres the song Who knew? in which he defends himself by saying I never knew I, knew Id effect this kid/ I never knew Id, get him to slit his wrist/ I never knew Id, get him to hit this bitch Although the song in and of itself is a bit ironic, Eminem acknowledges the fact that now he knows he can influence his listeners with his music.And in savour the Way you Lie in which he says the following verse If she ever tries to fucking leave again/ Ima tie her to the be d and set this hold on fire. we see again the violence, and the music video for said song is of a couple who constantly fight and by the end of the song the couples house is up in flames. One study found that young subjects who watched violent rap videos were more accepting of violent actions (Copley) and these lyrics that we very nearly hear over the radio and in our everyday lives promote open frame or disregarding the law, and many people still stop and oddment why the world is so violent.But like stated at the seed of this paper there is a bright side to this moon. Before pen this paper laziness overcame me and I began to procrastinate and started listening to music and then the song Airplanes Part 2 by B. o. b. feat. Eminem came on. Towards the end of the song Eminem says the words Pretend he procrastinated had no motivation/ Pretend he just made excuses that were so paper thin they could blow away with the leading which is what I was doing and it turned me on and opene d my eyes.As the song finishes Eminem continues to rap in third person about himself and how if it wasnt for this one moment in his life that he had not chased his dream he wouldnt be who he wanted to be. I then proceeded to get up and write this paper. So this song had an effect, a positive one on me. And it can have similar effects on others who listen to it. The expression most rappers use is profanity, but a handful of rappers use queer words to express themselves, which can lead to one finding out the definition of the word and later possibly using them in school work.For example Eminem uses the word antidisestablishmentarianism which is a political position in the Anglican Church that chooses to withdraw support from certain churches. And needless to say I used it in a world history paper. Theres likewise some songs by the rapper Immortal Technique who uses scriptural metaphors in his music like in the song Point of no Return he asks us to open our eyes and actually see wha ts going on around us because the end of the world is near. Music like everything else has a good side and a bad side.Most people ignore the good and disregard Rap music as a whole. As expressed in this paper, yes it can have negative effects and influence children to do bad things but it can also influence them in a good way and even give them certain tools to use in the future. Works Cited Copley, J.. Rap Musics Psychological Effects. psychology at suite 101. Glam Entertainment, 2008. Web. 8 whitethorn 2012. . Leary, sam . Gangster rap has negative impact on society. The Daily Campus.N. p. , 2002. Web. 8 May 2012. Rap Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Ed. Colin Larkin. Muze Inc and Oxford University Press, Inc. 2009. Encyclopedia of Popular Music (e-reference edition). Oxford University Press. Tarrant County College. 8 May 2012 http//www. encpopmusic4. com/entry? Entry=t270. e52529 Lyrics Make it rain artist Fat Joe Website lyrics. com Who Knew artisan Eminem Website lyrics. com Love the way you lie Artist Eminem Website lyrics. com Airplanes Part 2 Artist B. O. B. feat Eminem Website lyrics. com

Regime Type and its Influences on Growth Essay

During the last period of the 20th century, the world has come upond the so called Asian Miracle, the phenomenon refers to Asian countries that achieved a really high breeding vagabond that western countries have never experience before. Interestingly, peerless common liaison these Asia countries have in common atomic number 18 the experience of a real level of totalitarianism. For example, Chinas economy during 1960-1980 was heavily primordialized and the mystic sector was non al brokened to exist. capital of Singapore gained their independence in 1945 and started to develop with the tip reference of establishment.Japan, Malaysia, Korea, and Vietnam experienced the same level of dictatorship when they started to open their merchandise and turn into market economies. The idea behind this phenomenon is because the brass can quickly decide what industry to investing in and the large investment assistant these industries to acquire stintings of scale quickly. The gov ernment takes the leading voice as the distri scarcelyor of resources instead of the market as in Western countries. My canvas aims at examine the relationship mingled with the level of dictatorship and the festering rate.Literature ReviewThat bully governance is necessary for scotch education was until recently the conventional wisdom. In 2002, for example, a USAID study asserted that with reveal good governance, it is impossible to foster development. Lately, however, this paradigm has begun to lose ground. Robert Zoellick, president of the ball coin bank, argued in an October 2010 speech that development practitioners should embrace differentiated insurance policy approaches noting that what may safeguard (development) in one context my strangle in another(prenominal). The leaders of the G20 nations in November endorsed a Seoul Consensus that on that point is no one size fits all formula for development success and that developing countries mustiness take the lead in designing and implementing development strategies tailored to their psyche need and circumstances. The topic of whether democracy and autocracy is more than charm for offshoot has received a lot of attention lately.This story ordain examine five papers as examples of the menses state of knowledge. Wilkin (2011) grants some(prenominal) definitions of good governance that he use in his paper. The World Bank defines governance is the process and institutions through whichdecisions argon made and authority in a country is exercised. Wilkin uses the governance metric offered by the Worldwide organisation Indicators Project. The indicators are grouped into six categories that are a useful authorize to the dimensions of governance quality as it is generally conceived (1) voice and accountability (2) semi governmental stability and absence of violent, (3) government proceedsiveness, (4) regulatory quality, (5) dominion of law and (6) figure of corruption. According to this me tric, Wilkin point out that China continues to perform poorly on most of these indicators, ranking near or below the 50th percentile of countries assessed, while nonetheless achieving one of the fastest income growth rates of whatever country in the world. The reason that oligarchies in these countries can be advantageous to development is that they produce consistent policy choices.There are many a(prenominal) developing countries that have achieved brief spurts of rapid per capita income growth in fact, Wilkin specifies that, more than 130 countries have experienced annual per capita income growth of 6% or more for five or more of the years between 1950 and 2007. The quarrel is not to achieve growth of 6% or more for a few years, which is unremarkable, but to do so for decades. This produces exponential rates of development, stunt woman the populations average income roughly every 12 years. To take a leak this kind of consistency, oligarchy or authoritarian governance is us eful and highly effective. Rodan and Jayasuriya (2009) focussing their paper on the variation process and how capitalism developed in some(prenominal) Asian countries.They compare several regimes types across Southeast Asia and how the transition affect frugal performance. The authors argue that a transition in Singapore from competitive authoritarianism to a more genuinely competitive political system requires a transformation in the political economy that suppresses bases for free-living political organization. Meanwhile, political parties in post-authoritarian regimes in Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia do not crop quite as their counterparts historically have in earlier industrializing countries not simply because of deficient institutions but because of the structural constraints on labor, social justice groups and other actors in civil fiat.Chin-en Wu (2012) raise the question of whether democracy or autocracy is better for economic performance? By incorporating bo th institutionalfactors and structural incentives into his model, he find that the relative strength of political regimes in steering economic development is conditional on structural factors, which work greater influence in autocracies than in democracies. For instance, when confronting external challenges, increase interior(a) wealth becomes the most effective way for authoritarian leaders to visit survival risk. Development provides incumbent governments with sufficient financial resources, which can finance the states apparatuses, including the bureaucracy and coercive forces such as the military and police.Failure to dispense with external threats could result in seceding territories and damaging house servant support, both increasing the luck of losing king. Given the unfavorable structural condition, i.e., low levels of external threats of vast resources wealth, dictators have weak incentives to implement growth-supporting policies. In a democracies, by contrast, the pre sences of republican institutions induces political leaders to deliver public goods and partially substitute the role of structural factors. Conversely, where structural factors are conducive to growth, democracies do not of necessity outperform autocracies and may even grow at a unhurried rate because the flaw that are congenital in this system.Folch (2007) wrote a paper about the potential punishment under dictatorship. This paper explores whether the probability of world punished after losing originator leads dictator to restrain their level of depredation and, thus, increase economic growth. Holding dictators accountable is a difficulty problem, but under certain circumstances it might well improve their policy choices. Folch prove that dictators post tenure fate plays a key role in determining their level of graft and, hence, their economic performance.The logic Folch provide is quite simpleton, if dictators expect that after losing or giving up power they will be able t o enjoy their booty in agreeable exile or in their own countries, their level of rent-extraction will be high and this will lead growth rate to shrink. On the contrary, if the probability of being punished is high enough, dictators will constrain their greed and economic performance will improve. To confirm his theory, the author employ a simple model of predatory rule, and the consequences of increasing probability of punishment after losing power is explored. Theprobability of punishment is proven to have a positive and solid effect on the rate of growth of GDP and alternative spec of growth regressions.Pitliks paper (2008) put an emphasis on the touch on of growth performance on economic policy liberalization. He rejects the proceeds of authoritarian regimes. In his paper, he investigates empirically the interaction between economic growth performance and political institutions in producing free-market reform. Using the data of up to 120 countries over the period of 1970-20 04, Pitlik shows that political regime types systematically conformation government policy responses to economic growth performance. In line with several other contributions, the author finds that democratic rule is favorable for reform in general. Contrary to conventional wisdom, he argues Economic policy reform is a conflict-ridden political process.Policies beneficial for society as a whole are often not implemented due to a fierce rivalry from politically powerful prospective losers from reforms. In this respect, it is often claimed that a very poor economic performance can help overcome underground to economic policy liberalization. Furthermore, political authorities not constrained by democratic checks and balances are often supposed to be more fatal and thus expected to carry out market-friendly policy change in times of crises more easily. Later, Pitlik argues that there is no need for autocratic rule to implement economic policy reform in times of crises. Democracies no t lonesome(prenominal) carry out more liberal economic policies in general, but they are also more responsive to economic growth crises.Barro (1996) did a throughout research on determinate of growth in his paper. First variable he analyzed is the convergence of economies. He pointed out that, based on the neoclassical growth model developed by Ramsey (1928), Solow (1956), Swan (1956), Cass (1965) the lower the outset level of real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) the higher(prenominal) is the predicted growth rate. That is, if all economies were intrinsically the same, overlook for their starting capital intensities, then convergence could apply in an absolute palpate in other words, poor countries would tend to grow faster per capita than full ones. However, if economies differ in various respects including propensities to save and have children, willingness to work, gateway to technologies, and government policies- then the convergence force applies only in a conditio nal sense. He conclude that, the growth rate should be higher if the starting per capita GDP is low in relation to is long-run or steady-state position that is, if an economy begins far below its own target positon.He gives an example of a poor country that also has a low steady-state position possibly because its public policies are harmful or its obstetrical delivery rate is low- would not tend to grow rapidly. Barro also made a very important contribution in analyzing the interplay between economic and political development. He shares the same idea with Friedman (1962) that the twain political freedom and economic freedom are mutually reinforcing. Though, he stressed on the growth retarding aspects of democracy The tendency to enact rich-to-poor redistributions of income. Authoritarian regimes may partially quash these drawbacks of democracy. Moreover, nothing in principle prevents non-democratic governments from maintaining economic freedom and private proportion rights. A dictator does not have to engage in central planning, he said.Some examples of autocracies that have expanded economic freedoms include the Pinochet government of Chile, the Fujimore administration in Peru, the Shahs regime in Iran and several current governments in East Asia. Schwarz (1992) observed that most OECD countries began their modern economic development in system with limited political rights and became full-fledged representative democracies only much later. Barro concludes that an increase in political rights tends to enhance growth and investment because the benefit from limitations on governmental power is the key matter. But in places that have already achieved a moderate amount of democracy, a provided increase in political rights impairs growth and investment because the dominant effect comes from the intensified concern with income redistribution.Lipset (1959)s paper focuses on the relationship between propensity and democracy. He apparently prefers to view it as the Aristotle hypothesis From Aristotle rase to the present, men have argued that only in a wealthy society in which relatively few citizens lived in real poverty could a situation exist in which the mass of the population could intelligently get in in politics and could develop the self-restraint necessary toavoid succumbing to the appeals of commanding demagogues. Lipset emphasized increased education and an enlarged middle class as elements that expand receptivity to democratic political tolerance norms. Therefore, he conclude that for a country to maintain democracy regime, it is necessary to attain a certain level of education and prosperity. Otherwise, forcing democracy without its prerequisite would lead to step-down in growth rate and political instability.Cheibub (1998) also studies the relationship between political regimes and particular aspect of economic performance. Specifically, it addresses the question of whether regime type, categorize as democracy or dictato rship, has a causal impact on the extractive capacity of government, as measured by the level of taxes it collects. The findings reported in his paper are unambiguous there are no cause for believing that democracies are less capable of collecting taxes than dictatorships. Although taxes are higher in democracies than in dictatorship, we should not infer that this is due to any inherent feature of democratic regimes. Once we control for the conditions that make us observe countries as one regime type or the other, and conjure up counterfactuals in which countries experiences conditions that are identical in every respect except for their political regime, we observe that the difference in level of taxes between the two regimes disappears.It is not that the two regimes do not matter for taxation. Even though taxation under democracies and dictatorships is influenced by broadly similar factors, there are also notable differences from one regime to the other. Per capita income, howeve r, affects taxation only in democracies, whereas the pressure of servicing foreign debts only affects the level of taxes in dictatorships. Therefore, although there are factors that influence differently the level of taxes collected by the government in each regime, regime type does not affect the boilersuit level of taxation. Democracies are not any less capable than dictatorship of extracting taxes from society.

Ethical and Legal Issues in Nursing Essay

Throughout a shelters sea captain person career, many difficult respectable and legal situations will arise. Since nanny-goats are assumption the unique privilege of caring for patients and their families, it is important to uphold certain professional standards. The American Nursing Association (ANA) encipher of Nursing Ethics provides a foundation on which a throw should conduct her professional life. In appendage to the Code of Ethics, go down ons must also balance their personal determine along with legal standards to make the best decisions for their patients. A binds first priority is to the patient and providing safe and competent care. According to the ANA (2001), provision 1 of the Code of Ethics states The blow, in all professional relationships, practices with lenity and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health proble ms.(p.1)The harbour is bound by duty to respect the wishes of the patient and family in regards to residuum of life decisions. In the case of Marianne, a committee is forced to ease a family make a difficult decision regarding the life of a loved one. Since the patient is unable to express her wishes and had no advance directive, the nurse has an obligation to ensure that the family is informed and knowledgeable on her care. The nurse ineluctably to support the family in the decision-making process and refer the family to other resources to assist in the decision making process. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, such as consulting with an morality committee, is one resource that is available to the family to assist in the decision-making process. In addition to difficult end of life decisions, the Code of Ethics can be used to guide decisions in cases of malpractice. Provision 3 states, The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives toprotect the health, safety, and rights of the patient (ANA, 2001).In other words, the Code of Ethics leads the nurse to delivery practice that is substandard and may jeopardize patient care. The nurse should win policy and procedures of the facility to report such behavior, but if measures are non taken to ensure the integrity of nursing practice then the nurse may report to outside agencies, such as state departments. The nurse also has an obligation to ensure that the proper assistance or discourse is provided to assist in the impaired nurses recovery. While the Code of Ethics provides an important foundation on which to base behavior, any ethical decision involves an evaluation of ones set of personal and social values. According to Uustal (1993).Nursing is a behavioral manifestation of the nurses value system. It is not merely a career, a job, an assignment it is a ministry (p.10).Nurses need to be aware of their beliefs so that they can recognize and consume that a patient may have different values and belie fs. The nurse needs to interact with the patient and the family in a nonjudgmental, caring way. The nurse needs to take care not to influence the patient in making choices based on her beliefs or what she believes is right. The nurses subroutine is to be supportive to patients and their families in actions that are congruent with the code of ethics. many conflicts that may compromise the nurses personal beliefs may allow in end of life decisions, abortions or refusal of medical treatment. For example, a nurse may support pro-life decision-making but is bound to respect the patients wishes if they seek a legal abortion. Furthermore, a nurse needs to approve a patients decision to forego treatment, even if the nurse believes that that treatment represents the best option for the patient.ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association. (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with informative statements. Retrieved from http//www.nursingworld.org/ethics/code/protected_nwcoe303.html. Uustal, D. (199 3). Clinical ethics and valuesissues and insights in a changing healthcare environment. Educational Resources in Healthcare, 12 (2), 10.

Ob Effective Communication

plaque BEHAVIOUR Case study Bridging The Two Worlds The organisational Dilemma What ar the barriers to effective communicatings in Aluminium Elements Corp and how were they courted? What would you do differently? GSM 5101 Organizational demeanor knave 2 1. 0 universe Communication refers to the do by in which information is mailted and understood betwixt two or more slew. The word understood is emphasized be practice the communicate of the senders meaning to other people is the essence of good dialogue.In the model of communication, in that respect argon various carry and barriers ( folie) that quite a little become the factors of communication military capability. 1. 1 Introduction to communication habitus 1 Communication Model Figure 1 refers to the communication model. Firstly, communication starts when a sender has a means which he intends to send to the manslayer. The sender testament encode the communicate and transmit the subject. In this process, sende r will choose the channel of GSM 5101 Organizational demeanour Page 3 communication d whiz which the means is sent to the recipient role.These channels whitethorn include voice, body language, the social media, electronic gadgets, and so on. However, noise may occur during the transmission of message and this washstand become barriers to the communication. These barriers roll in the hay be psychological, social or structural and discharge affect the uncloudedness of the intend message. When the receiver receives the message from the sender, he will decode the message in erect to understand it. If the receiver wishes to respond the message, the selfsame(prenominal) communication process will take place. Either way, the noise will negatively affect the meaning of the conveyed message. . 2 Case summary The case describes the work by dint of of William Todorovic who was just appointed as the manager of AECs customer service group. to a greater extent specifically, this case describes the communication line of work that existed amid different departments in AEC i. e. the political party vigilance, postal service rounds, and patronize down workers. Firstly, the shit news report workers appeared to be less(prenominal) friendly with the dominance staff and the company oversight because they felt that both(prenominal) the office staff and company management do not kick ab start their feelings and opinions.This flush toilet be seen in the way the management excluded the buy at storey workers in the daily payoff meeting, and the fact that the management film their own separate eat rooms, bath rooms, and enjoy other perks that the reveal blast workers do not consecrate. These seemed to select negatively affected the descent amid the appal workers and the office staff. Besides that, the communication betwixt the pass by management and the shop embellish workers was too not really effective.Williams superior, George, for example, d o not like to confront one of the shop floor worker, legerdemain, instanter, and instead, he sent a keen-sighted memorandumrandaranda to joke that was difficult for him to understand. another(prenominal) machine worker, Tony, has certain ideas about the office staffs. He thought that the office staffs only cared about schedules but not the shop floor workers. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 4 William was trying to address these problems by hearing to the shop floor workers and try to understand their requests and demands.This seemed to have a verificatory effect whereby, the employees became friendlier and began to accept William as one of their own. Members of other departments also began to curse on him to deliver messages to the shop floor workers. Meanwhile, posterior has made a signifi plentyt contribution in the improvement of the scheduling job on the one related to the aluminium slitter. William had made this managen to George, his superior. William has als o suggested that they should deliver round sort of promotion to John. George decided that John should heed a management skills seminar which meant that John he would promoted.However, John misunderstood the decision by George and thought that the management did not appreciate the go because they sent him to a seminar to improve his performance. He was very upset and ready to quit from AEC. 2. 0 BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS IN AEC Effective communication is a share process which involves the first party sending a message that enkindle be easily understood by to the second party. However, thither are some barriers that may influence the effectiveness of communication which may result in misunderstanding or misinterpretation.In the case study of AEC, William Todorovic has fancyed several(prenominal) barriers to the effective communication between the employees in the organization. 2. 1 Imperfect intuition There were different perceptions between the management and the f loor staff. For example, the floor staff thought that the management were unaware of the problems at the floor and were too egocentric that they only cared about their schedules, issuing prescribes and making demands. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 5 As for the management, they thought that they did not have anything to learn from floor employees.Such perception has made them hardly understand the real process in finishing orders and this has created a gap between the management and the floor staff. 2. 2 Poor selection of medium to communicate Choosing the right medium or channel for communication may affect the effectiveness of the transmitted message In AEC, the management has used memos to communicate with the shop floor employees. This was in fact, a unidirectional communication because after the memo was sent out no further clarification was made by the management, and no feedback was obtained from the shop floor employees.This means that the management would not kno w whether the staff genuinely understood what they were expected to deliver. As we tush see, George was actually surprised when he found out that John was upset when he received the memo following his accomplishment. The latter misunderstood the intention because the medium used in this communication was usually used to deliver bad news. William also found that shop floor employees were not accustomed to talking with the management and office staffs.This was because, any verbal communication that occurred between them would be one-way and consisting of orders and demand by the management. Furthermore, shop floor employees have not been invited to pairing the daily production meeting unless there was a specific expiration that necessitates their attendance. This is also a kind of one way communication because the management did not hear the real issues from the production. In fact, the production meeting was held without the production members. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour P age 6 2. 3 Information surchargeEach people have certain level of information process faculty which is the come of information they can process in a fixed social unit of time. When the information a receiver received is more that his process capacity can hold, he may misinterpret the message from the sender. For example in the case study, William found that John found George unpleasant because George perpetually wrote unyielding and complex memos to shop floor employees. John could not understand the memo because of the information overload in the memo. 2. 4 Work set public figure Work space is another communication barrier in the AEC organization.As indicated in the case study, the lunchrooms and washrooms facilities were exclusively for the management and the office staff. Such work space designs did not encourage both shop floor employees and the management office staffs to mingle with to each one other. This explains why the employees were surprised when they saw Willi am, their manager, not having lunch in the office lunchroom. 3. 0 HOW THE BARRIERS WERE ADDRESSED After William understood the problem between the management and shop floor employees, he came out with some solutions to overcome the problems.Below are the actions taken by William in trying to shed light on the problems. 3. 1 Mingling with shop floor workers In order to address the barriers of communication in AEC, William had spent more time mingling with the floor employees. He always had his lunch at the lunch area at the floor. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 7 William also visited the shop floor frequently. This was because by doing so, he was able to talk with the floor employees and share their views and problems. Indirectly, William could discover the real land site in the organization from that department.Besides that, William has allowed the shop floor employee, i. e. John to decide on the scheduling of jobs. Being an experience aluminum slitter, John probably knew better on the operations of the floor job. This was evidenced through his suggestion that William was be able to digest the new work order turnaround from four to five weeks to a single day His actions have encouraged two-way communication which helped to improve communication effectiveness between the management and the shop floor workers. 3. 2 William as a courierWhen the consanguinity between William and the shop floor workers became closer, the staff from other departments came up to him and asked him to put across messages to the shop employees. This was because William spoke the same language with them. Since then, William became the middle man between the management/office workers and the shop floor workers. This advent could improve the effectiveness of communication because the requests from the management could be transmitted to the shop floor workers through William. LimitationsHowever, there are several of limitations in using a messenger as a channel of communicatio n between the two parties. Firstly, Williams job will be overloaded because members from other departments relied on him to pass messages to the shop floor employees. Besides that, William may transmit the wrong message to shop floor employees if he did not understand the message well. Moreover, this method may not fully solve the communication problem because if William leaves the company, the situation will resume. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 8 . 3 listening feedback from shop floor employees William always walked around to find opportunities to talk with shop floor employees. As described in the case study, he has to have an open mind when listening to them, identifying their problems and hearing new ideas from them. Such approach helped to improve the effectiveness of communication because the management not only can identify the real problem at production side, but also be exposed to new ideas from the employees. 4. 0 WHAT COULD BE DONE other than?After identifyin g the barriers of communication between AECs management and the shop floor employees, and what they did to address the problems, we have come out with more suggestions to further reduce the barriers and improve the effectiveness of the communication. 4. 1 Encourage two-way communication between management bottom-line employees Communication barriers in AEC organization are mainly cause by lack of two-way communication. Through this method, more effective communication can be achieved because the sender will receive feedbacks from the receiver.In this way, the sender can identify whether the message he sent is understood by the receiver correctly or not. For example, the management of AEC can invite shop floor members to join their daily production meeting because shop floor members know the production well. They can raise the production problem to management directly in the meeting. Management people also can announce their computer programme management objectives / targets direc tly to the shop floor employees. Communication will be more effective when both parties understand each other and this can be done if the two-way communication is lend oneselfed correctly.GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 9 4. 2 Redesign workspace The AEC workspace design has also been a barrier to effective communication because both management and shop floor workers have separate lunchroom and washroom. This will limit the chances for both parties to meet with each other. AEC can redesign the workspace by allowing the shop floor employees to use the same lunchroom and washroom used by the management/office staff. Such arrangement will increase the familiarity between the management and the shop floor employees as there are more chances for the two to meet more often.This in the long run will improve the communication between the staff in the company. 4. 3 Make the content of the management memo clearer Memo is one of the channels of communication within the AEC organization. Shop floor worker John, always complained that the company vice president, George, sent long and incomprehensible memos to him. In order to let John understand well the memo, George can reduce the gratuitous content in the memo and thus, make the length of memo shorter. By right, a complement memo should not be long and complicated.Besides that, the memo should be clearer to avoid misunderstanding. John may be confused by the content of memo because it did not state that he will be promoted and he was upset when he found out that he was told to attend a seminar. If the memo has stated this clearly, this wouldnt be happen on him. 4. 4 Implement web based communication AEC can implement web based communication such as e-mail in their organization. They are several of advantages of using e-mail to communicate, for example it will except cost and time, and the information can reach to the right person.More of the essence(p)ly, the e-mail can be used as a two-way communication becaus e the receiver can reply the sender after received the e-mail. Management can give their orders to the shop floor workers and if the latter have any problem, they can raise it to the management through e-mail. GSM 5101 Organizational Behaviour Page 10 For example, George can send his complement memo to John by e-mail. If John did not understand the e-mail, he could reply the mail memo and asked George for clarification. 5. 0 CONCLUSIONAfter reading the AEC case study, we found that effective communication is very important in an organization. A company must use the correct communication channel within their organization to ensure that the right message reaches the intended recipients. However, there are various types of noises/barriers that may affect the communication process such as imperfect perceptual, inappropriate communication channels, information overload and workspace design. These communication barriers must be addressed promptly as they may hinder the companys productivi ty.

The History Of The Curriculum Theory Education Essay

You have been assigned to a low-performing in-between inculcate campus. Your overseer has requested that you make alterations in the civilize give of reckon to increase pupil learning. Describe your schedule of action to increase pupil accomplishment degrees at this in-between school.Describe and dis ply how the cozy and concealed stock of lease impact and alter the formal configuration of consider? permit specific illustrations. Include p bental outlooks and prohibitions as portion of the informal carry of memorize.What produces about course of reflect atomic number 18 present in the heads of pedagogues in a school with which you be familiar?Historic whollyy, instruction has played a major function in determining the lives of all persons. course possible action has continually evolved and, there has ever been a conflict to better and cattle ranch out the course of psychoanalyze. Several inquiries that plague pedagogues today atomic number 18 Which course of write up should we follow? and What wisdom is of most deserving? . There are a battalion of course of study theories that help pedagogues understand the construct of pupil encyclopedism and accomplishment. This chapter is an effort to expose pedagogues to the diverse course of study theories that influence today s educational system.What is course of study?From a historical position, course of study is any papers or program that exists in a school or school system that defines the put to pass away of instructors. This program guides pedagogues in placing the content of the stuff to be taught. Many work programs whitethorn dwell of text editions, resource stuffs, or range and eon charts. The wrapped of a course of study is non to abandon organisational boundaries however to enable the organisation to map within those boundaries much efficaciously and, over range more(prenominal) expeditiously ( position and Larson, 1996 ) . A course of study potbelly carry by din t of these demolitions by ( 1 ) clear uping organisational boundaries ( 2 ) specifying the temper of the work to be done ( 3 ) associating the major undertakings to be complete(a) to one another within the entire work procedure or work flow ( coordination ) ( 4 ) shaping criterions by which work is to be pass judgmentd or assessed ( 5 ) specifying rating processs by which work consequences squirt be compared to work performed ( 6 ) devising alterations in the work performed through feedback and ( 7 ) reiterating the above stairss in order to accomplish a high degree of work public presentation on a undifferentiated footing ( English and Larson, p.24 ) .There are at least lead different types of course of study in schools formal course of study, informal course of study, and concealed course of studyThe formal course of study normally appears in province ordinances, course of study ushers, or formally sanctioned range and sequence charts. The formal course of study is w hat go out be found in instructor s lesson programs. The informal course of study represents the unofficial facets of planing or presenting the course of study. This type of course of study involves the subtle scarcely of import personality traits that a instructor interacts with the cod positively or negatively. Informal course of study contains those things that we teach that are unplanned and self-generated. The concealed course of study is non recognized at schools. It deals with outlooks and premises. These are instructions, which are presented to pupils but are non consciously received by them. privy course of study burn down be destructive, negative and insurgent, or it can be constructive, desirable and positive. tan describes this as the collateral course of study. Tanner stresses that collateral acquisition is in the manner of formation of digesting attitudes, of likes and disfavors, may be and frequently more of import that the spelling lesson in geographics or his tory that is learned ( Tanner,1995 ) . course Alignment system programme alliance is an of import purpose demand to heighten academic accomplishment degrees of all pupils. Because of high bets proving, pupils need to be prepared to go through province tests. Fenwick English, a prima index of course of study alliance, maintains that there is an interrelatedness between the tried course of study, taught course of study and scripted course of study. When all three are working together, the relationship is called tight . In order to bring forth optimal educational consequences, stairss must be taken to aline the written course of study ( found in text editions, course of study ushers and supports resources ) , the taught course of study ( instructors lesson programs ) and the tested course of study ( TAAS, ITBS, SAT, etc. ) Fenwick English describes course of study as a papers of some kind, and its intent is to concentrate and link the work of schoolroom instructors in schools ( 1992 ) . School territories die hard to buy text editions that are normally non aligned to the course of study or province footraces. This presents a job. strain and connectivity are lost. Curriculum vocalisation ( Vertical Teaming ) refers to the focal point and perpendicular connectivity in a school or school system. Several design and speech issues originate associating to curriculum articulation. In design, instructors must specify in the work program the mandatory degrees of focus/connectivity desired to optimise pupil public presentation vertically. In bringing, plan monitoring is indispensable to guarantee design unity vertically ( English, 1992 ) .Last, if what is tested is non being taught nor addressed in stuffs used by pupils, trial tonss and related educational results will non make the outlooks of the pupils, instructors, decision makers, parents, and the populace. In an term of answerability, course of study alliance offers pupils an chance to go successful.In A llan Glatthorn s book The Principal as Curriculum Leader, he presents a six- measure course of study procedure that aids in alliance ( 1 ) Plan the undertaking. A bursting charge should be appointed to supervise the undertaking. The commission members must be trained in the alignment procedure. ( 2 ) Focus the course of study. The course of study should concentrate on the territory s aims. ( 3 ) Analyze the trials. Grade degree squads should analyse trial informations. This scheme would let instructors to bespeak which of the affirmation aims are more likely to be tested. ( 4 ) Analyze the text. Teachers should analyse where the command aims are explained in the text. ( 5 ) Measure the consequences. The commission should reexamine and discourse all the consequences, observing countries essential to be improved. ( 6 ) Use the consequences. Complete alliance charts. Teachers should utilize the command objectives to develop annually and unit programs that guarantee equal interventio n of all aims. Aims tested should hold precession and objectives non tested should hold 2nd precedence ( Glatthorn, 1997 ) .Quality Control in CurriculumQuality control refers to a uninterrupted procedure or organisational autonomy and development that addition organisational effectivity. trio cardinal ingredients that must be present are 1 ) a work criterion, 2 ) work appraisal, and 3 ) activity. As all these elements get down congruent, work public presentation in an organisation in improved. septuple Intelligence surmiseHoward Gardner has created the theory of Multiple Intelligences. He maintains that most school systems frequently focus on a narrow scope of experience that involves chiefly verbal/linguistic and logical/mathematical accomplishments. While cognition and accomplishments in these countries are indispensable for lasting and booming in the universe, he suggests that there are at least six other sorts of news program that are of import to fuller human development and that about everyone has for sale to develop. They include, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, naturalist and intra-personal intelligence. Gardner believes that the eight intelligences he has identified are independent, in that they develop at different times and to different grades in different persons. They are, nevertheless, closely related, and many instructors and parents are gambleing that when an single becomes more adept in one demesne, the whole configuration of intelligence may be enhanced.The undermentioned philosophic theories examine course of study from a wide position that includes all of the scholar s experiences to the more dependent position that sees it as academic up to(p) affair. ( 1 ) Idealist Curriculum Theory This theory was prevailing during the yearss of Plato. Idealists viewed course of study as a organic structure of rational capable affair and learned orbits that are conceptional and conceptual. Mathematics, history a nd literature for case were ranked really high. The overruling end of Idealist instruction was to promote pupils to be searchers of truth. ( 2 ) Realist Curriculum Theory Aristotle founded Realism. Realist course of study maintains that the most effectual and efficient manner to happen out about world is to analyze it through consistently nonionized capable affair subjects. Realist course of study involves direction in the countries of reading, authorship, and calculation. lineage cognition through research methods are stressed.( 3 ) Naturalist Curriculum Theory The Naturalists position of course of study differed from the earlier theoreticians. Learning should actively affect tykes in covering with the environment, utilizing their senses, and work outing jobs. Naturalists maintained that old(prenominal) instruction is based on the preparedness and demands of the human being.( 4 ) hard-nosed ( Experiential ) Curriculum Theory- This course of study theory attacks larning throu gh sing. The kid s involvements, demands and experiences are taken into consideration. ( 5 ) Existentialist Curriculum Theory The course of study includes the accomplishments and exits that explain physical and societal world. The important acquisition stage is non in the construction of cognition, nor in curricular organisation but instead in the pupil s building of its significance ( Gutek, great hundred ) . ( 6 ) Conservatism Curriculum Theory The course of study should contract the general civilization to all and supply appropriate instruction to the mixed strata in society. This course of study included the basic accomplishments found in most school plans reading, authorship, and math.Personal Practical KnowledgeIn his work, Personal Knowledge, Michael Polanyi demonstrates that the scientist s personal work in the production of cognition is an indispensable portion of the scientific sort out itself. Even the exact scientific disciplines, knowingis an art, of which t he accomplishment of the pokeer, guided by his personal committedness and his passionate sense of increasing contact with world, is a logically necessary portion . Polanyi describes, cognizing in the art of siting a motorcycle. In this description he states that the rule by which the bicycler keeps his balance is known, but the cognition is in the making .Key ConceptsAccountability This term refers to charge schools and instructors responsible for what pupils learn.Content- A word used to place the course of study and divide it from school direction.Criterion-Referenced Test Measures of public presentation compared to predetermined criterions or aims.Core/Fused Curriculum Integration of the two or more topics for illustration, English and societal surveies. Problem and subject orientations frequently serve as the integration design.Curriculum -Curriculum is any papers or program that exists in a school or school system that defines the work of instructors.Curriculum Align ment A connectivity between what is tested, taught and written.Curriculum Compacting Content development and bringing theoretical accounts that abbreviated the sum of clip to cover a subject without compromising the deepness and comprehensiveness of stuff taught.Curriculum Development A procedure whereby picks in planing a learning experience for pupils are do and activated through a hard-boiled of co-ordinated activities.Curriculum Guide A written statement of aims, content, and activities to be used with a peculiar topic at specified class degrees normally produced by province sections or local educational bureaus.Curriculum Management Planning A authoritative method of be aftering for alteration.Formative Evaluation Student accomplishment is monitored passim the school twelvemonth. This will be done through pupil /teacher conferences, departmental meetings, curriculum manager monitoring and conferences. Feedback and suggestions for betterment will be considered.Knowing in Action This construct refers to the kinds of know-how we happen upon in our salubrious action. By detecting and reflecting in our actions, we make cognizing in action implicit. We reveal it in a self-generated mode and we are unable to set it in words ( Schon, p. 25, 1987 ) .Performance Objective Targeted outcome steps for mensuration the acquisition of peculiar procedure based accomplishments and cognition.Sequence The organisation of an country of survey. Frequently, the organisation is chronological, traveling from simple to complex.Staff Development Body of activities designed to better the proficiencies of the pedagogue practician.Subject-Content The type of course of study that stresses the command of capable affair, with all other results considered subordinate.Summational Evaluation Teachers and pupils will reflect on the course of study procedure. Met and unmet ends and aims will be discussed at length. Improvements and polishs will be based on the summational ratingsoundless Knowledge Tacit cognition is cognizing in action . To go adept in the economic consumption of this tool is to larn to appreciate, straight and without immediate logical thinking, the qualities of the stuff that we apprehend through the silent esthesis of the tool in our manus ( Schon, p. 25, 1987 ) .Curriculum Websites The undermentioned sites provide information on course of study and the course of study alliance procedure.

College App

Where atomic number 18 you from? My stomach tightens and my mouth goes dry as I rack my brain for an answer that doesnt Involve explaining my entire life story. My perplexity over such a simple enquiry may come along unnecessary, simply I have spent the past seventeen eld trying to come up with a suitable answer to that said(prenominal) question. I have grown up a proud lady friend of a united States Army soldier, and in my fathers line of work, never clear-sighted where well be sent next is part of the job description. I was innate(p) in New York and from there moved to Georgia. Then we moved to Rhode Island, rear end to New York, Kansas,Virginia, and finally Washington. Thats seven states. Not to mention, I have tended to(p) six different public schools and lived in seven different houses. You could cite Ive always been the new girl. My life is not Just in brown cardboard boxes though its picking up and moving at any(prenominal) given time. What can I say In response t o this question? Should I say the snow drifts in New York because thats where I was innate(p)? Or should I say the rolling hills of Kansas because three years Is the weeklong Vive spent In one place? Some may intuitive feeling sorry for me, but I couldnt Imagine Miming any other way.We are not defined by a geographic location, but kind of the challenges we face and how we learn from them. Unexpected deployments and goodbyes have shown me that some lessons are harder than others, but I know that I am heading towards a buttonlike future. Through my travels I have experienced a wide surf of cultures and lifestyles that some can only dream of. Being an Army scourge has made me adaptable, flexible, and empathic. So, a simple answer to this question Just wouldnt do my story Justice. I take a deep breath, smile, and say Im from everywhere.

Deconstructing redemption in The Road

There Is no god and we atomic number 18 his prophets Deconstructing Redemption In Corm McCarthy The channel. (paper under review non for quotation) Stefan Skirmisher The University of Manchester Stefan. emailprotected AC. UK 09/09/09 Abstract contempt its ein truthwherewhelmingly positive reception, the app argonntly redemptive conclusion to Corm McCarthy The Road attracted review from some reviewers. They read in it an in containency with the nihilism that otherwise pervades the impertinent, as well as McCarthy other works. save what be they referring to when they Interpret salvation, the messianic and paragon In McCarthy novel? Some Introductory judgements from revealing theory and deconstruction reveal a to a greater extent nuanced approach that non al unmatchable indites McCarthy from the charge of much(prenominal) critics. It likewise opens up more interesting avenues for exploring the theme of salvation and the messianic in coetaneous disaster fiction. Intr oduction Justifiably effusive praise was heaped, by the literary community, upon McCarthy multiple award-winner The Road (2006).But peradventure the most interesting reply came in the get to of review of the allegedly redemptive and messianic pace of Its conclusion. Michael Cabochons celebrated review of the book argued that McCarthy appe ard to insert such a aroma almost In spite of himself,l that is, come forth of character with his usual nihilism. some other reviewer went as far as to suggest the novel failed the modernist repugn to write about a holocaust, about the goal of everything What happens Is a redemption, of sorts, arguably absurd In the award of such oerwhelming nihilism. 2 ace wonders how McCarthy himself would respond. Perhaps we should begin by recalling the cautionary and prophetic injunction that Nietzsche appended to atomic number 53 of his buy the farm works, Ace Homo l obtain a dread(prenominal) fear I shall nee day be pronounced set apart one go awaying guess why I bring out this book in the beginning move over it is Intended to pr flatt people from reservation slipperiness of me My truth Is dreadful for hitherto the Ill has been called truth. 3 Nietzsche feared the untimely nature of the truth he came to announce to a modernity whose end had scarce upright begun.He predicted the unpreserved of us murderers of perfection to stand up in the ruins of the transcendent hoar matinee idol of metaphysics, and an unwillingness to create our own tragic pursuit of invigoration. idol, he would later write, would manifestly refuse frighten remove the task of modern part was on that pointfore to kill him again and again. He vexed and incorrect redemption offered in The Road is very far from resurrecting the old divinity of metaphysics. Indeed, I would like to argue in the traceing that it interweaves themes twain of metro (the refusal to die) and sorrow (the passing of irreversible loss).In doing so, the novel powerfully engages the reader with the very porous nature of redemption in the consideration of its post- prophetical environment. Engaging McCarthy text in this way invites a Adrienne, deconstructive reading of the chronicle of redemption in coetaneous disaster fiction in habitual. This is cause the conver sit downions and thought-experiments employed by McCarthy set about in many different ways to destabilize and provoke questions of the binary oppositions involved in that very handling of redemptive ends (indeed, of the possibility of cin one caseiving ends at all).There are oppositions such as the saved and the damned, the lost and the retrievable the deliver and irredeemable approachings. McCarthy provokes the question, in particular, of what meaning we great power possibly attach to merciful redemption and the messianic in an ostensibly irredeemable earth. What corporation be hoped for, sustained, and believed in? On the one hand, therefore, McCarthy pursuit of liveliness and lives in the heat up wasteland bears all the hallmarks of Nietzsche tragedy the taming of horror by means of with(predicate) art4 -as opposed to a comic rendering of the apocalypse (in which the righteous are spared the calamities of the end).On the other hand, the ambiguous understanding of the messianic in The Road hints at more than lyrical or existentialist responses to tragedy. By tracing McCarthy geographic expedition of redemption alongside developments in the continental ism of religion, first in the form of last of God theology, and second, that of indestructibility of the messianic, I hope to open up some exploratory questions about the ambiguity of redemption in this highly influential piece of contemporary fiction.Ends of The Road Michael Cabochon states that for authors sweating a move into the futuristic post- apocalypse genre, it is an established fact that a preponderance of religious re commencement or an avowed religious intent squeeze out go a long way toward mitigating the science- fictional taint. 5 And so Cabochon believes that, in McCarthy novel, the beat feeds his son a story. By constructing the creed or injunction to suffer the discount, the story is infused with a religious good star of mission that, actualise in the hope given to the life of the male child, verges on the explicitly messianic. We would do well to pause in front of the implications of this word messianic. Who is saved the boy? The promise of tender-hearted community? And who or what comes to save? The boys saviors at the end present a hesitant, and uncertain departure the attempt solitary(prenominal) that others like him are alive. The messianic here would appear to shoot the form as much as a threat as a promise. And yet, taken from the Hebrew term for anointed one, the archetype of messiah in Judaic and early Christian literature is indeed bound up closely with the indicatory social upheaval. Certain expressions of the m essianic and so hollo both destruction (of the old orbit) and rebirth (of the clean). In Jewish rabbinic thought what is crucial for messianic belief is its kinship with history and diachronic possess. It is visionary hope in the present for the way things could be, whether these are s stand for restorative or utopian. 8 The tradition that emerges is subsequently one of the contract of such a promise of the future by the voice of the prophets.Anticipating Jacques bemock, the concept of the messianic announcement is the voice of the fringe, the outside of sanctioned, homogeneous discourse a call, a promise of an independent future for what is to come, and which comes like every messiah in the shape of peace and Justice, a promise independent of religion, that is to govern universal. 9 Whilst The Road carries its own utopian and dyspepsia prophets, however, redemption is straight offhere conceived or expressed as the restoration of peace. Nor is it infused with any hope in the renewal of the earth, or even of the history of new beginnings for the scorched landscape.McCarthy unrelentingly refuses reassurance that any re flip to a golden age is come-at-able. The novel is an exploration of the irreversible, of things which could not be put back. 10 In what, then, consist its alleged religiosity, its messianic expectation, or greater The clues lie in the kinship formed between a salvation to come (framed in the parable of the bridle-path itself Mimi unavoidableness to keep going. You dont deal what might be tear down pat(p) the pathway12) and the ambiguous sense of endings running throughout the book. The spawns own life represents a refusal of the simplicity of endings.His son must not lay down and die. Or, more precisely, he may not die of his own choosing, in the first place the Father has calculated deaths perme ability on his behalf. The terror of the novel is thus generated at bottom the narrative context of this slipping away of the control over the appropriate end. The son knows neither how to die alone, nor, symbolically, the function of the pistol in his hands (l dont know what to do, Papa. I dont know what to do. Where will you be? )13 In relation to a search for the messianic, we must seek the sense of redemption only indoors this disestablishing sense of time.The messianic takes on a perverse sort of tension between the desire for end as closure, and the refusal to end, as the resistance of death, and finality. The boys terror at the task asked of him (to kill himself) is not complicated. But this endeavor between ends and beginnings in The Road also expresses the riddleical nature of the post- prophetic genre in general. If we accept James Burgers account of post- revelatory narrative as concerned essentially with washs and remainders, then we must also follow his conclusion that it is eer oxymoron the End is never the end. The modernist assumption, in bluff Sermons celebrated study, has been that the sense of an ending is what gives our living in the middies1 5 narrative meaning. But post-apocalypse means the very unsettling of those temporal frames. It impossibly straddles the term between before and after some suit that has obliterated what went before yet defines what will come after. 16 Indeed, we apprize see the allure of this scatological tension a concern to much modernist and postmodernist literary exploration of the nature and meaning of narrative closure.Paul Fiddles wide ranging study of such explorations suggests that if there is a malaise in the writing of closure into contemporary fiction, it simply reflects the more general environment of constant crisis, replacing the sense of completion and fulfillment of history, in which we live. 17 such(prenominal) a paradox also partly reflects The Road as a study of the refusal of endings, and e ipso a refusal of the redemption normally associated with the narrative end. For our enthrallment is drawn not to those who are destroyed, and to those who refuse to die.If McCarthy style emulates, as some critics suggest, the biblical wording of Revelation, they cant have missed SST. Johns vision, borrowed probably from Job, that during the scatological calamities, people will long for death and not find it anywhere they will indispensability to die and death will evade them. 18 A comedic vox of this craving crops up in the Backbitten character of Ely, echoing precisely the post-apocalyptic quandary Things will be better when everyones at peace(p). They will? Sure they will. Better for who? Everybody. Sure. Well all be better off. Well all glimmeringe easier.Thats good to know. Yes it is. When were all gone at last then therell be nobody here tho death and his days are numbered too. Hell be out in the road there with nothing to do and nobody to do it. Hell say Where did everybody go? And thats how it will be. Whats wrong with that? 19 McCarthy is arguably concerned, like Becket, to explore t he experience of the death of God as instant paradox. That is, as a source of the death of hope for some, precisely also of an absurd affirmation of life by others, condemning them to a life of scatological suspension of waiting, alone for what?Our encounter with the post of post-apocalypse is, then, immediately one with the challenge of making narrative and respectable sense of the life that remains, sort of than he purely nihilist gratuitousness of a death that wont come. It is more akin to Albert Campus Rebel, 20 charged with the task of making an ethics of action in the absurd condition, without resorting to a leap of organized religion that removed the lucid reality of the absurd itself. It is the life of Sisyphus, who has made his escape from his entire universe of meaning. 1 All talk of redemption and the messianic must take seriously this simultaneous presence of both the end and the refusal, or undesirability, of endings. The question that emanates from The Road is pe rhaps this one what does nee do, given the association of a certainty of the collapse of life, which might make walking possible along the remainder of the Road? How can this search operate within the traumatic experiment of post-apocalypse, of the never-ending? Dermiss interest in the concept of apocalyptic time.For Deride can be argued to echo the refusal of the security of endings that I have suggested lies at the heart of The Road. Deride refuses the scatological language of triumphal historicist (particularly in reference to Fuchsias end of history thesis), invoking Hamlets fearful dictum, the time is out of phrase22 To express this refusal. Similarly, McCarthy frames the experience of this time of the remainder not as the aftermath of the singular catastrophic event. Rather, it is the perpetuity of catastrophe itself the uncertainty of relationships, ecology, and the possibility for man community.The thought experiment develops one of a tortuously open future, the absence seizure of referents for forging new values, new rules, and new duties. The novel thus plays on the post-apocalypse genre by creating a dissonance of temporal perspectives. Time has already run out and is yet, for the boy, opening out inexorably nothing has actually knishes. For the father, the character of the time that remains is defined by the anxiety not only of the limited time allotted to him (who is really dying) exactly of the questionable gift of extending the time allotted the son into the future and whos death he will not be able to oversee.Through the tender and contradictory relationship of the father and son, then, the genre of post-apocalypse is funed on its head. We grapple not so much with the post-modern fragmentation of endless traumatic symptoms,23 but the juxtaposition of these twain unsufferable positions in the dialogue of father and child. On the one hand there is a protection of and desire for the end the fathers desire to honorable the least tortuo us conclusion to his sons life.And on the other there is the need for a beginning the sons overwhelming concern for who and what must lie beyond who exists? What are they like? Who looks after them? Who will guarantee their safety in the future? Apocalyptic Time Death, or limit, is thus explored in The Road as a painful loss of control over time. This resistance to the consolation of narrative ends represents the most unique and creative aspect of McCarthy apocalyptic style. But what can we say about apocalyptic literature in general that may shed light on the ambiguity of McCarthy redemptive turn?Literary apocalypses, in Jewish and Christian interdepartmental literature, intentionally sought-after(a) to trace the limits of communicable discourse. It did this, crucially, against the political traumas of history, in which an old world was thought to be dying and a new one arising, which would work outly demoralise reality. Through visionary events bestowed upon favored emissaries o r recipients, heavenly truth revealed, through apocalypses, the place beyond the limits of language25 to unanimity. What is the function of this type of limit-discourse? unvoiced to all apocalypses there is an ethically loaded injunction that the truth of the world is not all that is visible or conceivable by human means. 26 At its root, then, apocalypse claims that a deeper destiny and purpose lies underneath, and is here, through text and vision, disclosed. Revealed. It is this aspect of the coding of Revelation that so attracts Dermiss attention in his celebrated essay, On a Newly Arisen Tone in Philosophy. Dermiss trance is with the figure of John and the complex symbolism of the fragmented, yard messages of the future contained in his vision.There is, believes Deride, something primal to Western thought in Johns act as the messenger, this theatrical role of being the favored dispatcher of revelation and denouncing the false ones, the impostor apostles. 27 Is there an echo of this cryptic prophecy in McCarthy for instance, the language of God who is both announced and yet uncontainable, even within the friendly womans talk of the clue of God that passes from man to man through all of If so, the crucial lesson for an apocalyptic reading of McCarthy would be that apocalypse guarantees no certainties about future realities.On the contrary, it would be to resist the temptation of one apocalyptic tone, and to hear instead apocalypse as an unmistakable polytonally. 29 There is, in a deconstructive reading, only a deeper fragmentation and disestablishing of meaning and truth. And this is precisely the concern of Dermiss critique of an ontological and contemporaneous reading of history. As Fiddles puts it, narrative can be deconstructionist in the sense that, like the book of Revelation, the ending deconstructs itself, and so disperses meaning earlier than completes it. 30 This same instability and impermanence of discourse is prevalent within the illegal bet ween father and son in The Road. The meaning of language and the possibility of language itself becomes shorn of its social or ethical grounds. McCarthy even poses the problem as one of the absurdity of text in the post-apocalyptic future. From the referent-less word of honor of metaphor as the crow flies31 (to the boy, who has never cognise the existence of birds) to the mans depot of pausing in the charred ruins of some library and experiencing absolute dislocation between the value of words and the burnt remains of the world to come. 2 An attempt to speak in a world where words and meanings are disappearing mirrors ruefully the attempt to invoke credit in a world in which God is increasingly absent. The God of The Road is the impossible presence, the one whose name is invoked (by the father, and by the woman at the end) but whose very existence would pose only problems, not solutions. To Ely, the possibility of the persistence of graven image or gods is a fearful prospect a nd impedance to the task at hand (of surviving?Or dying? ) Where men cant live gods add up no better. Youll see. Its better to be alone. 33 But the existential struggle facing both the father and Ely is precisely the realization that, in he very act of their survival, something unshakeable of the trace of God (in the book it moves from word, to breath, to dream in that order) is incarnate. This appears, admittedly, as a curse to Ely, whose survival the father finds incredible.The fate bestowed on any unlucky enough to fill on down the road is to carry the remainder, the aftermath of this ineffability and this absence There is no God and we are his prophets. 34 It is, finally, in reference to the knowledge and memory of dying that any talk of the possible meaning of redemption must orient itself hence hat must the remaining humans carry on being humans? The man questions Ely on this point how would you know if you were the last man on earth? to which Ely replies It wouldnt make an y difference. When you die its the same as if everybody else did too. 35 The framing of post-apocalypse narrative in this context reiterates the centrality of the question of remainders, of those who might remain to remember and to chip in the consciousness of creation and the possibility of discourse (and therefore of God? ) in their very surviving. God is Dead (again) The reference to God, and Gods potential for solving the conundrum of the meander (perhaps, wonders the man, God would know that you were the last on earth) is typically McCarthy. He is concerned mostly to debatable belief rather than to reject it or affirm it entirely through his characters.The fragmented quasi- theological discussions echo the brilliant, extended account of the p overturner who does theological battle with a dying faith in The Crossing. 37 But, once again, a deeper examination of what sort of theistic faith such references might imply goes some way to answering those readers unhappy with McCarth y redemptive conclusions. Ells sat remark bears similarities to attempts made in the sass to articulate a sure religious response to the existentialist current, through a Death of God Theology. Alongside Thomas J. J.Altimeter, The protestant theologian Paul Italics famously argued for the language of modern theology to acknowledge not only the ontological want of speaking of Gods existence (since the essence of God is a Being beyond Being). Theology must also acknowledge the failure of human experience to allow this access in the first place. For many of these thinkers the God of the theologians had died on the battlefields of Europe during World War l. To thus define God in negative terms was not only a semantic step. It was to couch Thee-logos as the discourse of absence par excellence.And certainly through the eyes of the other religious existentialists (Aggregated, Bereave, Dostoevsky, Auber) the search for God was the reaffirmation of the absurd, its abject in the mystery o f human suffering, not its resolution. Another exemplar, the Catholic qualify Simons Well, had expressed it through the figure of Mary Magdalene on Easter Saturday one moves towards the tomb motivated by death, an expectation of the corpse, not an optimistic part in life. It is human suffering that motivates our movement towards reality, and the mystery in which God (through his absence) is to be found.Likewise, influenced heavily by Nietzsche, Italics described the reliable act of faith of the believer as one who does not attempt to square the existentialist crisis of despair but who has the courage to look into the abyss of non binding in the complete loneliness of him who accepts the message that God is dead. 38 A difficult God to find, to be sure, since for Well, Italics and others, the problem of nihilism was not to be square up by the gift of faith. It was to be lived in the paradox of human suffering in the seeking, not the finding, of an answer to suffering.Perhaps The Road shares some features of these attempts to grapple with the death of God. But it is only really with Dermiss exploration of the messianic and time that deconstruction, to repeat, attempts to go beyond philosophy and societys obsessions with talking of the end of thinking, metaphysics, God, politics, Marxism, etc. Deconstruction tries to counterbalance this fascination with definitive ends by announcing the end of a electronic crisis rhetoric itself. Deride thus highlights the err possibility of crisis discourse as the last form of meaning that one clings to, and whose loss signals a truly existential death.The true crisis is that there may no longer be a philosophy of crisis there is perhaps not even a crisis of the present world. In its turn in crisis, the concept of crisis would be the signature of a last symptom, the convulsive effort to save a World that we no longer in habit no more kiosks, economy, ecology, livable site in which we are at home. 39 One recalls, in the ligh t of this, the discussion in The Road of the possibility of both knowing, and not owing, preparing, and not preparing, for the event, the brief glimpse of which holds an elusive taint of horror over the narrative.Ely confides in the man I knew this was coming. You knew it was coming? Yeah. This or something like it. I always believed in it. Did you try to get ready for it? No. What would you do? I dont know. People were always getting ready for tomorrow. I didnt believe in that. Tomorrow wasnt getting ready for them. It didnt even know they were there. 40 This hitch into crisis thinking problematical the very status of event its undesirability, its uncertain definitiveness. It mirrors Dermiss critique of an Aristotelian, favored presence of the event itself.Ultimately, such a critique leads to Dermiss ability to pose a distinctively Jewish opposition to this privileging of the event namely, the reaffirmation of a certain messianic, a therefore mystical, mysterious return to a rev elatory messianic. It is, however, a messianic without messianic stripped of everything,41 or in other words unbounded by the specificity of this or that dogmatism, religion, and metaphysics of salvation. In deconstruction, then, we can no longer speak of the privilege of the contemporary. 2 What does that concept imply in the context of McCarthy narrative?It opens out the analysis to the concept of redemption without the guarantee of the event that would guarantee salvation in the manner of the promises of institutional religion. Such a sentiment recalls the iconoclastic reformulation of hope that was prevalent in post-war Jewish critical theory (particularly in Ernst Bloch). This meant a redemption without reference to the face of God only the notion of promise itself. 43 Deride expresses a notion of the future as being not a future-present but as something perpetually out of reach.It produces, like death, the effect of interminable non-occurrence, perhaps in the manner by which t he event of The Road is announced The pin grass stopped at 1 Time itself, like discourse, and like belief, is hang shorn of its referent. The messianic impulse that survives even a book binding to the commitment of expectation more akin, once again, to the suffering of the waiting Vladimir and Estrogen. The apocalyptic element of The Road, then, might not be the announcement of some catastrophic event in time either in the past (since this is never dwelled upon) or the future.It is rather the revelation of traces, of remainders and reminders, of the God who might also be dying since he fares no better than men when men cant live. 45 The apocalyptic always appears with a hidden face, in the impossible or inconceivable encounter with the end of all things, of death itself. The consolation offered to the boy by his father is that he has always been lucky. 46 Beyond irony, the word luck seems shorn of its associations with providence, destiny, and blessedness, and more like an unhappy covenant an mute agreement that the boy is bound to continue, to keep going.The continuation of life is a brute fact for the boy as much as for Ely (neither apparently aware what keeps them going). And yet the boy is very unlike Ely, not because of his innocence, but because of his temporal language. What will happen, he asks of his father, to the other boy? To the man they cast aside? To the people imprisoned in the house? The conundrum for Ely is otherwise, and framed in the time that was. What has happened did we see it coming? What were we thinking? Even if we did, how could we have been anticipate to choose?If there is redemption in The Road, perhaps all we can say of it is the ability o ask questions of the future, as opposed to only those of the past, of mourning that which cannot be put right. Redemption without redemption The event is indeed problematic for post-apocalypse. But it is problematic not simply because finality is put off indefinitely (as Berger claims). It is problematic for its revealing, or disclosing, our lack of control over its arrival. manifestation is temporal catastrophe a disruption of our chronic desires, time we possess, can control.The future is certainly terrible, but it is agonizing particularly for our thorniness into its uncertainty. Redemption, then, if it is relevant at all, must be seen as the ability to imagine that what one sees now is not all that there is. In the book of Revelation calamities are predicted that meticulously symbolism the passing of apportioned periods of time according to comprehend order, not those of powers and principalities. 47 In The Road, however, the father is possessed by his office to Judge the right time of his sons end, and so spare unbearable life.The crisis recalls Abrahams struggle with Gods influence to act out the unthinkable, here repeated in the Fathers own diffidence Can you do it? When the time comes? When the time comes there will be no time. Now is the time. Curse God and die. 48 One passes over it easily, but by the end of the novel, the fathers command to his son to leave him occurs by way of an admission of weakness an apology for entrusting life with him l cant hold my dead son in my arms. I thought I could but I cant49.Is this the conclusion thought to give some sort of redemptive lift to the narrative a fog leaf to the unacceptable narrative of total disaster? 50 1 would argue cynical perspective, rather than the consolingly messianic one. In this view the ethers committal of the son to the future is not performed out of faith in the persistence of goodness. His commitment is, more simply, in the inability to cease suffering, to cease walking along the road. The fathers sense of an open future is not hard to grasp in itself it is the only thing left to offer his son.Yet what is the most significant imaginative turn in what follows? I would argue that it is not that the boy subsequently finds logger travelers we are to believe are also the good guys who are carrying the fire. Nor even is it that they, like the woman, are also those that cosines the persistence of the divine in the world. Rather, it is an admission by all characters of a disestablishing uncertainty about that road that lies ahead. It is there in the implied pause of the mans response to the boy at the end of the novel He looked at the sky. As if there were anything to be seen.Yeah, he said. Im one of the good guys. 51 There is no evidence in what precedes this moment that any place the new community will reach can support life. Nor, I think, are we meant to intuit such a turn towards the future. One cannot ignore, in any case, the terrifying allusions that lie underneath McCarthy choice of the word fire. Cabochon is quick to point this out the new hope for human community are people carrying fire in a world destroyed by fire. 52 But we can go further than this, since the irony recalls the central theme of some other classic of the post-apocalypse ge nre.In William Millers A Canticle for Leibniz, the scattered survivors of global nuclear war attempt to construct the new civilization by destroying all forms of scientific knowledge. They do this on the premise that such knowledge will lead inexorably to the same situation of nuclear terror. A secluded community of monks become the last guardians of ancient knowledge, preserving it for such a time that knowledge will once again be responsibly applied. But the fear is open by the recapitulation of humanity to a second wave of nuclear apocalypse at the novels horrifying conclusion.

Are Socrates’s Views on Death Consistent Throughout the Apology

A man who wont die for some affaire is non capable to live. Martin Luther King said these words urging the immenseness of living with a cause. Socrates was a man who strictly lived his bearing with a purpose, and according to Platos Apology, died for the right to practice philosophy. What perhaps is roughly interesting about Socratess suck is his outlook on demolition. Death, to m all, is a frightful end something to be avoided for as long as wizard possibly can. Socrates disagrees, as seen most distinctly in his very last spoken language prior to the condemnation of his oddment. But was this acceptance of goal with open arms Socratess view throughout the Apology?I believe yes, and it can be seen clearly first in Socratess defensive measure speech, then the response to the motion of what verdict Socrates himself sees fit, other advisable go to bedn as the epitimesis, and lastly in the speech immediately following the ruling of shoemakers last. Since the beginning of the Apology, Socrates has proclaimed that he, in fact, knows zipper and because he understand this about himself, it makes Socrates wiser than most. I believe that this fundamental taste of himself is the foundation for in all of Socratess views, including his interesting take on devastation and the end.Throughout the defense speech as well as after, Socrates uses tactics that one convicted of a serious crime would do his best to avoid. Re sieveing to sarcasm, pop the questioning the overwhelming ignorance of the jurors, as well as very subtly over-exemplifying his feature superior erudition are all examples of his interesting behavior at court, that, m any claim, resulted in Socrates condemning himself to stopping point. During the defense speech, Socrates rhetorically asks himself why he would continue to contact in an activity that puts him in danger of the death penalty.He answers, You are paradoxicalif you study that a man who is worth anything ought to append his t ime measure up the prospects of life history and death. He has completely one thing to retrievewhether he is acting equitablely or unsportingly. (28a-b, p. 54). Socrates clearly believes in the importance of being a good man and an as get up to society. His duty, he feels is to surpass a just philosophic life, as God ordered him to do, and Socrates feels that to repudiate his responsibility for fear of death would not only be humiliating, exactly shameful and dishonorable as well.In fact, Socrates states that if he did act cowardly and turn over his post for fear of death, it would then be just to convict him for disobeying the illusionist and failing to adhere to his duties. Socrates believes that whether or not he is acquitted or not, he allow for never stop philosophizing or counterchange his ways, not even if he has to die a hundred deaths (p. 56). It is not his fear of appearing cowardly, but Socratess lack of fear of death that can be directly connected to his cor e belief that the sterling(prenominal) injustice of all is sentiment one knows what he does not know.Socrates explains that fearing death is dreading what one does not know, accordingly is a piss of the greatest injustice. I shall never feel more fear or aversion for something which, for all I know, may really be blessing than for those evils which I know to be evils (p. 55). Socrates goes beyond what many men fail to see, the fact that fearing the dark is futile, and because of this very understanding he remains so steadfast in his beliefs and welcomes death when it comes calling. Closer to the end of the defense speech, Socrates brings up the idea that if executed, another(prenominal) practicing philosophy just as he did will come to the urban center.Socrates seems to ravish subtly tormenting the jurors and almost threatening them with the appearance of another Socrates, as if to suggest the nuisance caused with his actions is immortal. Socratess defense speech, hardly serv ed any sort of defense at all. Instead it seems that the preconceptions and slander that the jurors had about the convicted were actually proved, as Socrates proceed to dispel any remorse towards his actions and fear towards forthcoming death. The second bit of the Apology is when Socrates is asked to present his epitimesis, or an ersatz penalty after the death penalty is issued.The alternate punishment Socrates offers, full of sarcasm and pure clapperclaw towards the jurors, is a unleash dinner. Socrates sees his will to philosophize as betterment to the city and its people, so therefore a reward, or else than a punishment, seems appropriate. I set myself to do you what I hold to be the greatest possible see I tried to persuade each one of you not to think more of practical advantages than of his mental and moral being (p. 65). His actions, Socrates believes, are free of wrongdoing and only benefit the jurors be attempting to incite them of caring for a virtuously just l ife.His clear derision of the jurors does anything but help Socratess case, and as wise man, though he does continue to refute that fact, he understands this. Any other man convicted of a serious crime, and endangered by the possibility of the death penalty would never dream of ridiculing the jurors in the fashion in which Socrates continues to do so. As Socrates believes he has done nothing wrong, he alike mentions in an almost apathetic way that he has already done as very much as he can to convince the jurors of his just innocence.He then goes to mention that as he believes in his innocence, that proposing an alternate penalty proves to be unnecessary. Socrates also states that as he has no intimacy of death, whether it is to be feared or welcomed, he cannot possibly choose another punishment for himself. Furthermore, Socrates continues to say that if he is able to avoid the death penalty, he will never flee from his duties to society and stop philosophizing. to let no twent y-four hours pass without discussing goodness andexamining both myself and others is really the very best thing a man can dolife without this sort of question is not worth living (p. 6). It is made clear in the epitimesis, that Socrates is all in all committed to leading a good, just life, and practicing philosophy, whether or not his life is depended on it. Socrates truly believes in his innocence well as his cause, and therefore cannot succumb himself to pleading for another verdict. After the penalty of death has been announced, Socrates seems comparatively calm. He mentions that he is so far along in life as it is, death seems timely, and claims that the jurors would have breakd the irksome task of a hearing had they had a little patience and let Socrates die of pictorial causes.After hearing that one is to be put to death, most would find out any(prenominal) is left in his or her power to save themselves. Socrates, however, staying true to his beliefs of true statement and justice refuses to weep and wail because he feels that doing so would not only dishonor himself, but result him in acting unjustly. I would much rather die as the result of this defense in a court of law, just as in warfare, neither I nor any other ought to use his wits to escape death by any means (p. 67).Socrates feels that attempting to run from death would result in admitting himself to evil, which he also suggests the jurors are condemning themselves to by prosecuting an innocent man. Socrates believes to die as a just man, rather than live his life any other way, and attempting to escape the closingized verdict would not only be catering to injustice, but would be seen as an insult to everything Socrates has practiced in his life thus. Therefore, Socrates accepts death as a blessing, and also characterizes it as two possible things a untroubled sleep, or a migration to another place.For the first, Socrates welcomes this possibility, calling it a marvelous gain, considering it calming. If death is a truly a migration to another place, Socrates sees it has a fortune to meet and converse with the brilliant minds of the past, and would love to acknowledge such an opportunity. I am willing to die ten times over if this delineate is trueat least it would be an wonderful personal experience to join them thereheroes of the old days who met their death through an unjust trial (p. 70).Not only does Socrates mention how interesting it would be to meet wise men, but he also states that he would want to philosophize with them and try and determine who amongst them is truly wise, exactly the actions for which he is in court for. This shows his devouring(prenominal) determination for his cause, and fearless attitude towards death, that even after his end he will continue to practice his duties and adhere by his just beliefs. Socratess core belief is understanding that he knows what he does not know, and thinking otherwise is a tremendous injustice.And because of this sole belief, he is able to form his fearless views on death and the afterlife. Socrates argues that since we cannot fathom any understanding of the afterlife, there is no use in fearing or running from it, and doing so would be unjust. Socrates does hold this view throughout the entire Apology. The only difference betwixt the speeches may be that Socrates seems more welcoming of death in the final speech, after the verdict is finalized. However, this is not a proof of any sort of altering views.Instead, I believe that Socrates always talked about welcoming death when the time for it arrives, using it as an example of a probable end rather than a confirmed one. After Socrates feels that he has exhausted his own defense and preached the importance of justice and truth, and the verdict to death is the final conclusion, he is able to easily accept the end, and welcome it, since he would much rather see to dying as just man, instead of living in any other manner.In conclusion, Soc ratess principle beliefs allowed him to keep his views on death and the afterlife consistent throughout his trial as noted in Platos Apology. Socrates unswervingly remains true to this values of justice, refusing to succumb to the lenity of the jurors, and continuing to try to convince the court of his innocence through what was morally correct, as well as deity-approved duties. His vow to never give up on his morals and obligations to the city and its people enabled Socrates to die a noble, honorable, and just man, who instead of fleeing from death, embraced it.